家长应该花时间和孩子交谈，让他们知道问题和谈论担心是被允许的。 尽管很难找到时间，家长可以利用日常的家庭共餐时间和哄孩子睡觉的时间进行交谈。问题可能会多次出现，家长应保持耐心、开放的回答并澄清情况。他们应该让孩子知道家里、学校和附近区域发生的事情，但是不要给孩子过多的信息让他们不知所措。家长应该简要和诚实地回答问题，并询问孩子的意见和想法。为了帮助更小的孩子在谈论地震后感到安全和平静，家长可以读他们最喜欢的故事或开展轻松的家庭活动。

      Parents should spend time talking with their children to let them know that problems and talking about concerns are allowed. Although it is difficult to have time, parents can talk with them when in the daily family meal or coaxing their children to sleep. Questions may appear many times. Parents should be patient and open to answer and clarify the situation. They should let their children know what is happening at home, school and nearby areas, but not confuse them with too much information. Parents should answer questions briefly and honestly and ask their children's opinions and ideas. In order to help younger children feel safe and calm after talking about the earthquake, parents can read their favorite stories or carry out relaxed family activities.

        为了帮助孩子恢复，家长应该：

      To help children recover, parents should:

         •做好榜样。尽力保持冷静，这样您能教孩子如何应对有压力的情况。

       • Set an example. Try to stay calm so that you can teach your children how to deal with stressful situations.

         •留意大人之间的对话。留意大人之间谈论地震和遭受损失的对话内容。孩子会去听大人们的对话，而且可能会误解意思，造成不必要的惊吓。

       Pay attention to the dialogue between adults. Pay attention to the dialogue between adults about earthquakes and losses. Children will listen to adults' dialogue, and may misunderstand the meaning, which may cause unnecessary shock.

         •限制接触媒体报道。保护孩子，避免接触过多地震的图像和描述，包括来自电视上、网路、广播和报纸的这些信息。

       Restrict access to media coverage. Protect children from too many earthquake images and descriptions, including those from TV, the Internet, radio and newspapers.

         •向孩子确保他们的安全。即使地震已经结束，你可能需要时常反复打消孩子对安全的疑虑。花更多的时间和他们待在一起，在室外做游戏、在室内读书、或只是依偎在一起。一定告诉他们，你爱他们。

       Make sure your children are safe. Even if the earthquake is over, you may need to reassure your children about safety from time to time. Spend more time with them, such as playing games outdoors, reading indoors, or just snuggling together. Be sure to tell them you love them.

         •尽快替换丢失了或损坏的玩具。

       Replace lost or damaged toys as soon as possible.

         •缓解他们对朋友安全的担忧。即使电话可能打不通，反复告知孩子他们的伙伴的家长在照顾他们，同您正在照顾您的孩子一样。

       • Ease their concerns about the safety of their friends. Even if the phone may not get through, repeatedly tell your children that their partner's parents are taking care of them, just as you are taking care of your children.

         •告诉孩子社区恢复的情况。反复告知他们政府在努力恢复供电、通讯、供水和燃气。告诉他们城镇会清除废墟，帮助家庭找到住所。

       Tell your children about the recovery of the community. They should be repeatedly informed that the government was trying to restore electricity, communications, water and gas. Tell them that the town will clear out the debris and help families find shelter.

         •照料孩子的健康。帮助他们得到足够休息、锻炼、健康的食物和水。安静的活动和体力的活动都让他们做做。

       Take care of the children's health. Help them get enough rest, exercise, healthy food and water. Let them do both quiet and physical activities.

         •讨论家庭防护计划。有些孩子会害怕地震会再次发生，特别是还有余震的时候，所以演练计划能帮助他们增加安全感。

       Discuss family protection plans. Some children are afraid that the earthquake will happen again, especially when there are aftershocks, so the drill plan can help them increase their sense of security.

         •保持有规律的日常生活。在混乱和变化中，固定和常规的活动让孩子感到更安全。尽可能多的保证规律的吃饭和睡觉时间。

       Maintain a regular daily life. In chaos and change, fixed and routine activities make children feel safer. Make sure they eat and sleep regularly as much as possible.

         •保持期望。坚持行为恰当和尊重他人的家规。持续过去会做的家务活，但要记住，孩子需要比往常更多的提醒。

       Keep expectations. Adhere to proper behavior and respect other people's family rules. Continue doing housework you used to do, but remember that children need more reminders than usual.

         •鼓励孩子帮忙。当孩子帮助别人时，他们应对的更好，恢复也更快。给他们小的清理任务或其他可帮忙的方式。之后，让他们做与地震无关的活动，比如打牌或阅读。

       Encourage children to help. When children help others, they respond better and recover faster. Give them small cleaning tasks or encourage them to help in other ways. After that, let them do activities unrelated to the earthquake, such as playing cards or reading.

         •不要因为孩子的行为改变批评他们，比如粘着家长、玩耍时候呈现地震的情境或频繁寻求慰藉。

       Don't criticize children for their behavior changes, such as sticking to parents, present the situation of earthquake when playing, or seeking comfort frequently.

         •当孩子回学校上学时，要更加耐心。他们可能更容易分心，在做作业的时候需要更多辅导，这样的情况会持续一阵子。

       • Be more patient when children go back to school. They may be more distracted and need more guidance when doing their homework, which will last for a while.

         •睡前给他们支持。孩子在和家长分离时可能感到更加焦虑。比以往多花一点时间交谈、依偎和讲故事。让孩子固定上床睡觉的时间提前，以便得到需要的睡眠。假如很小的孩子需要和您一起睡，告诉他们这只是暂时计划，过阵子他们要回到自己的床上睡觉。

       Give them support before going to bed. Children may feel more anxious when separated from their parents. Spend more time talking, cuddling and telling stories than ever before. Let the children go to bed early in order to get enough sleep. If very young children need to sleep with you, tell them that this is only a temporary plan. After a while, they will go back to their bed and sleep.

         •帮助克服无聊感。地震可能扰乱了家庭的日常活动（看电视、玩电脑和让朋友来玩）或者导致课外活动的暂停（体育活动、青年团体、跳舞或者各种课程）。帮助孩子找到其它活动，比如纸盘游戏、纸牌游戏、艺术和做手工。尝试寻找社区活动项目（去图书馆、公园的活动或者当地的基督教青年会）。

       Help overcome boredom. Earthquakes may disrupt the daily activities of families (watching TV, playing computer and letting friends play) or lead to the suspension of extracurricular activities (sports activities, youth groups, dancing or various courses). Help children find other activities, such as paper tray games, card games, art and handicrafts. Try to find community activities (going to the library, park activities or the local YMCA).

         •保持希望。即使在最困难的情况下，您对未来的积极展望会帮助您的孩子看到周围世界的美好之处，从而帮助他们度过困难时期。

       Keep hope. Even in the most difficult situations, your positive outlook for the future will help your children see the beauty of the world around them and help them go through difficult times.

         •假如地震结束超过六周之后您的孩子仍有困难，请寻求专业帮助。

       If your children still has difficulties more than six weeks after the earthquake, please seek professional help.

        更多相关信息：

      For more information

        震灾心理援助专辑-给家长的忠告 ：应对媒体的地震报道

      Special issue of earthquake psychological assistance--Advice to parents: deal with media earthquake reports

        震灾心理援助专辑-儿童的反应

      Special issue of earthquake psychological assistance--Children's responses

        震灾心理援助专辑-对儿童的治疗

      Special issue of earthquake psychological assistance--Treatment of children

        （译者：Wing；校对：柳月、66）

      Interpreter: Wing  Proofreading: Liu Yue、66

        （采稿：66； 编辑：王锐）

      Collection: 66   Editor: Wang Rui

        来源：春风网

      Source: Spring Breeze.com